For very good and valid reasons, Americans understand the extraordinary importance of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the right peacefully to assemble for redress of grievances. That, of course, is the rationale for the Occupy Wall Street (“OWS”) movement by which thousands of protestors are encamping in various public places around the country.

Our courts recognize few exceptions for the placing of limits on this exercise of free speech and in fact have themselves studied the issue in cases unrelated to OWS. Courts recently have been debating whether limits on speech enacted by legislative bodies are constitutional. As an example, a law prohibiting candidates for public office from lying about their opponents’ voting records during campaigns is drawing judicial scrutiny as an unconstitutional prohibition on protected free speech. This matter is a serious one and whether we agree or not with OWS protestors (or tea party assemblies) we need to treat the subject based on constitutional principles rather than our own political predilections. So why have the authorities suddenly stirred themselves to action to clean out OWS sites?
For one thing authorities have suddenly recognized some very important public principles:
First, public facilities are being taken over for the benefit of a few people as part of their attempt to advance solely their cause. Parkland in central cities is very scarce and has been misused by groups who pitch tents from end to end in these parks and prevent (and in some instances intimidate) ordinary citizens from using public land. Often these tent cities are abandoned during the day while the occupiers leave and go about their regular lives (going to work, going home, attending entertainment venues, etc.)
Recently, there has been a major spike in violence including shootings. In Oakland protestors succeeded in shutting down the ports, which are a major, job producer in that city. According to the San Francisco Chronicle “OWS protestors gathered up for their general assembly meeting and withdrew a resolution calling for future demonstrations to remain peaceful. A faction of the protest group has advocated violence as a ‘diversity in tactics’ approach to demonstrating.” Deaths have occurred in other cities as well, including Burlington, Vermont. Secondly, there is an important public health issue that has arisen. Protestors have been overwhelming the sanitary facilities at nearby businesses, cleaning and relieving themselves at bathrooms not built for such volume. Finally, city authorities who have appeared to be looking the other way see that they have to take action.
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